Patrick Donnelly

Electrical and Computer Engineering // Class of 2026

The four fundamental forces: A brief history of natural philosophy

Physics — from the Latin physica (“natural philosophy”), itself from the Greek φύσις (“nature”) — is the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them. All such interactions fall into one of four categories, known as the four fundamental forces of physics, the combinations of which explain with great accuracy the majority of known

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Aerial electricity: Lightning and other poorly-understood phenomena

Lightning is not uncommon, nor is it particularly subtle. In fact, with approximately 9 million strikes per day, it is one of the loudest, brightest, and most common natural phenomena known to the terrestrial sciences. Most people know lightning as loud arcs of light that sometimes occur during severe storms. Indeed, this is the most

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What what you say says about you: How how you speak speaks for you

They say first impressions are important. Clothing, hairstyle, posture — all these things affect one’s opinion of others. Admittedly, outward appearances are relatively easy to tailor to one’s environment — it’s about as appropriate to wear a bathing suit to a job interview as a business suit to the beach, after all. Unfortunately, it is

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Rayleigh scattering: Why the sky is blue and other miscellanea

Growing up, we all have those big life questions that catch our interest. Those with a penchant for nature, for instance, may ask such questions as: where do the Moon’s phases come from, what are rainbows, why is the sky blue? The answers to these questions, as may be given to a scientifically-inclined young mind,

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