Space

Sailing into the Abyss: A Pioneering Development in Space Travel

Sailing into the Abyss: A Pioneering Development in Space Travel By Jennifer Garland, Applied Physics, 2021 Source: NASA This article was originally published as part of Issue 35: Motion. The history of spaceflight has depended on chemical rocket engines as the primary form of propulsion. However, fuel limits our exploration range and takes up 95 percent […]

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A zero-gravity snack: Astronauts bake the first cookies in space

Two hours, raw ingredients, and a zero-gravity oven. With these resources, astronauts baked the first cookies in outer space. Last December, Luca Parmitano and Christina Koch, stationed at the International Space Station (ISS), baked five chocolate chip cookies from frozen dough to determine cooking times and temperatures in zero gravity and why they differ from

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Creating a home away from home: Architectural engineering in outer space

Creating a home away from home: Architectural engineering in outer space By Annabelle Mathers, Civil Engineering, 2022 Photo: Shutterstock On Earth, structures serve a larger purpose than simply shielding us from the environment; they affect lifestyle patterns, health, psychological response, and adaptability. Those same qualities apply to structures on celestial bodies other than Earth. Not only

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You Can’t Run Away If the Planet Is Already a Runaway

You Can’t Run Away If the Planet Is Already a Runaway By Lauren MacDonald, Environmental Science & Chemistry, 2022 Source: Pixabay Humanity has been dreaming about colonizing other planets for decades. Hundreds of science fiction stories and novels have been written about humans packing up and moving off of Earth, but it’s not as easy as

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Ice Planet or Lava World? Exoplanet environments depend on temperature

Exoplanets are distant, mysterious cousins of our own home — obscure balls of rock and gas orbiting stars hundreds of light years away. It’s difficult to understand what might be on the surface: are they covered in global oceans? Made up of molten lava? Does it rain razor-sharp shards of glass at thousands of miles per hour?

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Hubble trouble, and make it double: Disagreement over one of the universe’s most important constants

In the beginning, all that would become the universe was concentrated into an extremely small, dense, high-energy speck of space. In the fractions of seconds that followed, this singularity exploded: one hundred decillionths (10–35) of a second after, it expanded to nearly the size of a soccer ball; after one nonillionth (10–30) of a second,

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